Determinan Sosial Kejadian Stunting Pada Anak Usia Sekolah Di Daerah Lokus Stunting: Studi Di Kabupaten Bandung Barat

Isti Kumalasari; Ahmad Hisbullah Amrinanto

doi:10.62027/praba.v4i3.989

Authors

Isti Kumalasari Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia
Ahmad Hisbullah Amrinanto Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62027/praba.v4i3.989

Keywords:

school-aged children, social determinants, stunting

Abstract

Stunting remains a public health challenge in Indonesia, particularly among children living in rural and economically vulnerable areas. While most studies on stunting focus on toddlers, emerging evidence suggests that elementary students especially in the early grades may still exhibit signs of stunted growth. Purpose of this research is to analyze social determinants of stunting among elementary students in Tanimulya, West Bandung an area designated as a stunting locus. This study used a case-control design. As many as 104 students engaged in this study consisted of 51 stunted children (case) and 53 children with normal growth (control). Data collection was conducted in 2025 using a structured questionnaire to assess sex, parental education, household characteristics, family income and expenses, food security, dietary diversity, and access to warung. Data were analyzed using the chi-square and binary logistic regression. Results of this research showed a statistically significant correlation between family members and stunting (p < 0.032; p < 0.05), while other variables showed no significant correlation. Children living in more than four members were found to be 4.06 times more likely to experience stunting compared to those in smaller households.

References

Akbar, A., Darma, R., Fahmid, I. M., & Irawan, A. (2023). Determinants of household food security during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Sustainability, 15(5), 4131. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054131

Alam, M. A., Richard, S. A., Fahim, S. M., Mahfuz, M., Nahar, B., Das, S., ... & Ahmed, T. (2020). Impact of early-onset persistent stunting on cognitive development at 5 years of age: Results from a multi-country cohort study. PloS one, 15(1), e0227839. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227839

Arief, Y. S., Yunita, F. C., Efendi, F., Murti, F. A. K., Pradipta, R. O., & McKenna, L. (2025). Social and environmental determinants of childhood stunting in Indonesia: National cross-sectional study. JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting, 8, e68918. https://doi.org/10.2196/68918

Atamou, L., Rahmadiyah, D. C., Hassan, H., & Setiawan, A. (2023). Analysis of the determinants of stunting among children aged below five years in stunting locus villages in Indonesia. In Healthcare (Vol. 11, No. 6, p. 810). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11060810

Ayuningtyas, D., Hapsari, D., Rachmalina, R., Amir, V., Rachmawati, R., & Kusuma, D. (2022). Geographic and socioeconomic disparity in child undernutrition across 514 districts in Indonesia. Nutrients, 14(4), 843. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14040843

Dewi, P., Khomsan, A., & Dwiriani, C. M. (2024). The household food security and stunting of under-five children in indonesia: a systematic review. National Nutrition Journal/Media Gizi Indonesia, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v19i1.17%E2%80%9327

Fatmawati, Dewata, I., Umar, I., Syah, N., & Barlian, E. (2026). Family risk mapping for stunting reduction in Padang Pariaman, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 9(2), e2027172. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2027172

Gusnedi, G., Nindrea, R. D., Purnakarya, I., Umar, H. B., Andrafikar, Syafrawati, Asrawati, Susilowati, A., Novianti, Masrul, & Lipoeto, N. I. (2023). Risk factors associated with childhood stunting in Indonesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 32(2), 184–195. http://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.202306_32(2).0001

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (2022) Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2022. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Retrieved from https://stunting.go.id/buku-saku-hasil-survei-status-gizi-indonesia-ssgi-2022/?btwaf=67130964

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (2023) Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Retrieved from https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/hasil-ski-2023/

Laksono, A. D., Wulandari, R. D., Amaliah, N., & Wisnuwardani, R. W. (2022). Stunting among children under two years in Indonesia: Does maternal education matter?. Plos one, 17(7), e0271509. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271509

Lestari, E., Siregar, A., Hidayat, A. K., & Yusuf, A. A. (2024). Stunting and its association with education and cognitive outcomes in adulthood: A longitudinal study in Indonesia. Plos one, 19(5), e0295380. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295380

Prado, E. L., Sebayang, S. K., Apriatni, M., Adawiyah, S. R., Hidayati, N., Islamiyah, A., ... & Shankar, A. H. (2017). Maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation and other biomedical and socioenvironmental influences on children's cognition at age 9–12 years in Indonesia: follow-up of the SUMMIT randomised trial. The Lancet Global Health, 5(2), e217-e228. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30354-0

Rahmadhita, K. (2020). Permasalahan stunting dan pencegahannya. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 9(1), 225-229. https://doi.org/10.35816/jiskh.v10i1.456

Rezaeizadeh, G., Mansournia, M. A., Keshtkar, A., Farahani, Z., Zarepour, F., Sharafkhah, M., Kelishadi, R., & Poustchi, H. (2024). Maternal education and its influence on child growth and nutritional status during the first two years of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis. eClinicalMedicine, 71, 102574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102574

Sandler, A., & Sun, L. (2024). The Socio-Environmental Determinants of Childhood Malnutrition: A Spatial and Hierarchical Analysis. Nutrients, 16(13), 2014. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132014

Siramaneerat, I., Astutik, E., Agushybana, F., Bhumkittipich, P., & Lamprom, W. (2024). Examining determinants of stunting in urban and rural Indonesian: A multilevel analysis using the population-based Indonesian family life survey (IFLS). BMC Public Health, 24(1), 1371. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18824-z

TNP2K. (2019). Strategi Nasional Percepatan Pencegahan Anak Kerdil (Stunting). Jakarta: Sekretariat Percepatan Pencegahan Stunting. Retrieved from https://stunting.go.id/stranas-p2k/?btwaf=59010784

UNICEF, WHO, World Bank Group (2023) Levels and Trends in Child Malnutrition: UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Group Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. Key Findings of the 2023 Edition. New York: UNICEF. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240073791

Wake, S. K., Zewotir, T., Lulu, K., & Fissuh, Y. H. (2023). Longitudinal trends and determinants of stunting among children aged 1–15 years. Archives of Public Health, 81(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-023-01090-7

Wulandari, R. D., Laksono, A. D., Astuti, Y., Matahari, R., Rohmah, N., Prihatin, R. B., & Elda, F. (2025). Stunting Among Low-Income Families in Indonesia: Is Mother’s Employment a Risk Factor? Journal of research in health sciences, 25(3), e00654. https://doi.org/10.34172/jrhs.7450