Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62027/vitamedica.v3i3.423Keywords:
Posterior Capsule Opacification, secondary cataract, Nd:YAG capsulotomy, lens epithelial cells, intraocular lens (IOL)Abstract
Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO), also known as secondary cataract, is the most common complication following cataract surgery, particularly extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE). PCO results from the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of residual lens epithelial cells within the posterior capsule, leading to the formation of structures such as Elsching pearls and Soemmering rings. The incidence of PCO is notably high among pediatric patients due to the increased mitotic activity of lens epithelial cells. Major risk factors include younger age, certain ocular conditions such as glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration, as well as the design and material of the implanted intraocular lens (IOL). Diagnosis is established through slit-lamp and ophthalmoscopic examinations, with decreased visual acuity being the primary clinical symptom. The current mainstay of treatment is Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy, which is effective and minimally invasive but may be associated with complications such as cystoid macular edema and retinal detachment. Preventive strategies focus on improved surgical techniques and appropriate IOL selection. With proper intervention, the incidence of PCO can be reduced, thereby improving postoperative visual outcomes.
References
American Academy of Ophthalmology. (2020). 2020-2021 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Section 11: Lens and Cataract. 2020 American Academy of Ophthalmology, 244.
Apple, D. J., Peng, Q., Visessook, N., Werner, L., Pandey, S. K., Escobar-Gomez, M., Ram, J., & Auffarth, G. U. (2020). Eradication of posterior capsule opacification: documentation of a marked decrease in Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy rates noted in an analysis of 5416 pseudophakic human eyes obtained postmortem. National Library of Medicine, 3(4).
Awh, C., & Goshe, J. M. (2024). Posterior Capsule Opacification. American Academy of Ophthalmology.
Ayuningtyas, S. P., & Gondhowiardjo, T. D. (2015). Incidence and associated factors of posterior capsule opacification in pseudophakic patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Medical Journal of Indonesia, 24(3), 176–182. https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.v24i3.1199
Bhargava, R. (2014). A Review of Posterior Capsule Opacification. International Journal of Contemporary Surgery, 2(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.5958/j.2321-1024.2.1.012
Dharmaraju, B., Vijayasree, S., & Sridhar, K. (2016). A Clinical Study of Visual Outcome in Nd: YAG Laser Capsulotomy in Posterior Capsular Opacity. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research ISSN (Online, 43(9), 2393–2915.
Duman, R., Karel, F., Özyol, P., & Ateş, C. (2015). Effect of four different intraocular lenses on posterior capsule opacification. International Journal of Ophthalmology, 8(1), 118–121. https://doi.org/10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.01.22
Gopinath, G. S., Satish, K., Srivastava, N., Patil, S., & Afshan, R. (2015). Visual Outcome and Complications of YAG Laser Therapy for Posterior Capsular Opacification Following Cataract Surgery. 3(3), 65–68. https://doi.org/10.17354/ijss/2015/271
Ilyas, S. (2010). Ilmu Penyakit Mata untuk Dokter Mata/Umum dan Mahasiswa Kedokteran (2nd ed.). Sagung Seto.
James, B., Chew, C., & Bron, A. (2006). Lecture Notes Oftalmologi (9th ed.). Erlangga.
Livanos, F., Komalasari, intan malda, & Simanjuntak, S. (2022). Pengaruh penggunaan lensa bluechromic terhadap kenyamanan di optik sarimbit bobor tahun 2022. Jurnal Optometri, 1(1), 33–42.
Papilaya, M. R., Memed, F. K., & Knoch, A. M. (2016). Additional Intraocular Surgery after Pediatric Cataract Surgery. Ophthalmologica Indonesiana, 41(3), 294–298. https://doi.org/10.35749/journal.v41i3.51
Secondary Cataract. (2023).
Singh, P., & König, C. (2023). Posterior Capsular Opacification. Cataract and Lens Surgery, 127(4), 681–685. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05394-8_82
Sinha, R., Shekhar, H., Sharma, N., Titiyal, J., & Vajpayee, R. (2013). Posterior capsular opacification: A review. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 61(7), 371. https://doi.org/10.4103/0301-4738.115787
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 VitaMedica : Jurnal Rumpun Kesehatan Umum
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
