Faktor Dan Tingkat Keparahan Medication Error Resep Antidiabetik Berdasarkan Klasifikasi NCC MERP Di Apotek Sana Farma Kudus

Abstract

Medication errors are preventable events that can cause inappropriate drug use and patient harm. Diabetes mellitus patients are particularly at risk due to long-term therapy, combination antidiabetic regimens, and comorbid medications. This study aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors, dominant factor, and severity level (based on NCC MERP classification) of medication errors in antidiabetic prescriptions. Using a quantitative observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach, data were collected prospectively through prescription review (for prescribing errors) and dispensing service observation (for dispensing errors). From a population of 1,938 prescriptions (January–April 2026), 366 were sampled. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate (Chi-square), and multivariate (binary logistic regression) methods. Results showed prescribing errors in 157 prescriptions (42.9%) and dispensing errors in 17 (4.6%), with overall medication errors occurring in 160 prescriptions (43.7%); all fell under NCC MERP Category B (error occurred but did not reach the patient). Number of drug items (p=0.006) and type of antidiabetic therapy (p=0.004) were significantly associated with errors, while comorbid medication use was not (p=0.559). Logistic regression identified number of drug items as the most dominant factor (OR≈4.63 for ≥5 items, p=0.010); therapy type remained significant (p=0.012). The study concludes pharmacies should strengthen prescription review and double-checking, especially for prescriptions with ≥5 drug items and oral-insulin combination therapy.