Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik, Stres Kerja, Dan Pola Makan Tidak Sehat Pada Pekerja Kantor Terhadap Risiko Diabetes Melitus: Literature Review

Shasha Billa Prameswari; Injeljit Kaur; Santy Deasy Siregar

Authors

Shasha Billa Prameswari Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan
Injeljit Kaur Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan
Santy Deasy Siregar Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan

Keywords:

diabetes mellitus, dietary pattern, occupational stress, office workers, physical activity

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus constitutes a global metabolic pandemic with a continuously rising prevalence, particularly among office workers who face cumulative risks from sedentary lifestyles, psychosocial pressures, and suboptimal dietary patterns. This study aimed to identify and analyze the association between physical activity, occupational stress, and unhealthy dietary patterns with the risk of diabetes mellitus among office workers through evidence synthesis. A narrative literature review design was employed, searching articles from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Garuda using specific keywords. Of 30 potential articles, 12 primary research articles published between 2018–2025 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed narratively based on three main research variable themes. Results revealed that low physical activity was significantly associated with diabetes mellitus risk in 5 of 7 journals (71.4%), with a 3.69-fold higher metabolic syndrome risk (OR=3.69; p=0.003). Occupational stress showed the strongest evidence, reported as significant in 6 of 7 journals (85.7%), with a 16–48% increased risk (RR=1.16–1.48). Unhealthy dietary patterns were significantly associated in 3 of 5 journals (60%), with a 2.57-fold higher metabolic syndrome risk (OR=2.57; p=0.033). The three factors simultaneously form a mutually aggravating cycle that increases diabetes mellitus risk among office workers. Integrated interventions encompassing enhanced physical activity, stress management, and dietary improvement in the workplace are strongly recommended for diabetes mellitus prevention.

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